Introduction to Infertility in the Domestic Animals

Introduction to Infertility in the Domestic Animals



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Raju R. Shelar | 2024 | ISBN: 1774698374 | English | 256 pages | True PDF | 95 MB

Over the past ten years, scientists studying animals have made significant progress in identifying and controlling the factors that allow domestic animals to reproduce effectively. This progress is demonstrated by artificial breeding programs, in which millions of bovines are reproduced yearly with either new or frozen semen of exceptional bulls, with a conception capacity of roughly 70% to first service.

In every species that has been studied, these relatively high rates of fertilization are unfortunately followed by increased rates of early embryonic death. In "repeat-breeding” heifers and cows it has been mentioned that 36 to 43% of fertilized eggs perish during the pre-implantation duration between 3 days and 1 month of pregnancy. A number of these early embryonic mortalities might have been brought about by Vibrio fetal infections, because embryo mortality is a key feature of this condition m cattle, however, later work demonstrates that a certain measure of embryonic mortality happens even m regular healthy heifers without reproductive conditions and reared to bulls of high virility. Research on swine and rabbits indicate that litter-bearing animals have an even higher rate of embryonic death, ranging from 35% to 45%. In pigs, a high amount of feeding from approximately 3 months old through the 25th day of pregnancy defers the beginning of pubescence and causes higher embryonic mortality. By altering the nutrition, heifers' age during the first estrus can be altered between the 37th and 22nd week. The constancy of estrous cycles and the sen-ices required for conception, on the contrary are unaffected by feeding levels once estrous cycles begin.